If you're shooting with a digital SLR and start to notice dark specks appearing in your photos, don't get all short of breath: this is not caused by ectoplasm seeping in from the spirit world. It's just dust. When you change lenses on an SLR, dust can get inside the camera and settle on the sensor, darkening little spots in the pictures you take.
Your camera may already have a built-in sensor-dusting function, but most cameras will still require a careful manual cleaning.
1. Purchase a self-cleaning SLR.
Dust specks on the camera sensor can cause dark spots on your photographs. A hint: when looking at the photographs you might need to have them enlarged in order to see the dust specks.
There are currently two cameras which have a built in feature to clean the sensor, the E1 and Evolt E-300, manufactured by Olympus. Every time you turn the camera on or activate the filter, a Supersonic Wave Filter vibrates the sensor which shakes the dust off. Included are adhesive strips which run along the sides of the sensor to collect the dust. From my experience the system works pretty well. It's unfortunate that other manufacturers don't offer something similar.
2. Clean your camera with care. If you don't have one of the cameras mentioned above sooner or later you'll need to clean your sensor. You can always send it to the manufacturer for a professional cleaning if you're apprehensive about doing it yourself. Regrettably this option is not a very practical or cost effective way to handle the problem every time you seen a new spot. Although you need to always be careful, the best answer to the problem is to clean the dust yourself.
Most sensors have a protective glass covering and you want to be careful not to scratch or damage it as there's a good chance the manufacturer's warranty will not cover repairs. Be careful about what you put inside your camera. Also, never blow compressed air inside the camera. Compressed air uses propellants that can leave a residue and create a film over your sensor.
You want to use products that are made specifically for sensor cleaning. There are a variety of products available from manufacturers such as Photographic Solutions and Visible Dust. Speck Grabber from Kinetronics' is a great product as it has a little light built in which is helpful for getting at particular bits of debris. If you own a Kodak camera you can use the Kodak sensor-cleaning kit; this is a great product as well as it also provides detailed instructions on how to clean its cameras' sensors.
When you're ready to clean the sensor, put the camera into sensor-cleaning mode so that the sensor is exposed (check the manual about how to do this with your particular model) and remove the lens. You can use a bulb blower to blow dust off the sensor; just make sure you hold the camera up so that the dust falls out instead of settling inside again. Follow the instructions of the cleaning product you've chosen. Usually this will involve carefully swabbing the surface of the protective glass over the sensor.
To make sure that you have gotten rid of all the dust you can take a picture of a blank wall or piece of paper. Look at it at full size on a computer monitor and see if you can detect any remaining specks.
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